Cooperative and competitive learning environments and their effects on behavior, self-efficacy, and achievement

08/01/2025 | PAXIS Institute |

A study of groups of fifth graders working in competitive or cooperative learning conditions found that in the cooperative condition, most student interactions were on-task, whereas in the competitive condition, all student interactions were off-task. Groups that began the term in the competitive condition and then switched to cooperative learning had difficulty changing to on-task behaviors.

Citation: Punch KF, Moriarty B. Cooperative and competitive learning environments and their effects on behavior, self-efficacy, and achievement. Alberta Journal of Educational Research 1997;43:158-60.

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